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List Of 26 'Most Expensive Dog Breeds' Contains Quite A Few Surprises
A new list highlights the "most expensive" dog breeds, and among the 26 breeds listed, there are more than a few surprises.
On August 17, 2024, Reader's Digest released an updated version of their "26 most expensive dog breeds in the world" list and it's interesting. Take a look.
Some potential dog parents have their hearts set on a specific dog breed, and they can be a lot pricier than going to your local animal shelter.
Related: List of Popular Medieval Dog Names Includes Some True Gems
Readers Digest says there are "several factors" that can influence the price of a dog, including its rarity or popularity and pedigree.
"Whatever the reason, these breeds fetch a higher price tag — and dog lovers will say they're worth every penny," Reader's Digest writes.
1: English BulldogAccording to Reader's Digest, the English Bulldog is the most expensive, costing an average of $4,250. This is surprising since it's not an uncommon dog breed, but the site explains that since an English Bulldog won Best in Show honors in 2019, it's likely contributing to the increase in price.
2. French BulldogLike the English Bulldog, French Bulldogs are also, on average, $4,250, but its reasoning for being so expensive isn't because of winning any Best in Show honor. These dogs have increased in popularity over the past few years, and people really love their fun personalities.
3. Tibetan MastiffThe Tibetian Mastiff makes sense on this list, and coming in third place, the average cost for one of these breeds is $4,000. These aren't common breeds in the United States, but Reader's Digest tells the story of a Tibetan Mastiff named Big Splash, which is "the most expensive dog ever sold" at $1.5 million.
4. Chow ChowThe Chow Chow is such a cute dog, so it makes sense that it would cost, on average, $4,000. It's not a breed that's common in the United States as well, and comes with some very unique features.
5. SamoyedThis Russian dog breed isn't one we see a lot in the United States either, so it makes sense to be on the list for potential dog parents who have always wanted to care for one of these dogs. They're adorable and always seem to have a smile on their face.
Rounding out the list of the most expensive dog breeds:
Biewer Terrier
Portuguese Water Dog
Greater Swiss Mountain Dog
Irish Wolfhound
Newfoundland
Shikoku
Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
Löwchen
Dogo Argentino
Bernese Mountain Dog
Staffordshire Bull Terrier
Rottweiler
Golden Retriever
Spinone Italiano
Rhodesian Ridgeback
Azawakh
Akita
Saint Bernard
Black Russian Terrier
Afghan Hound
Pharaoh Hound
Some of the breeds on this list, like the Shikoku, Akita, Afgan Hound, and Pharaoh Hound, make sense because they're very unique-looking dogs, and we don't see them much. But it is surprising that Golden Retrievers are more expensive than the hounds.
The 26 Most Expensive Dog Breeds In The World
The 26 Most Expensive Dog Breeds You Can Buy in 2024Skip to main content
From the cheerful Samoyed to the reliable golden retriever, these are the most expensive dog breeds
Mariana Mikhailova/getty images High-priced pupsAny dog will cost you some kibble. Owning a pup has its costs—vet care, food, toys, treats, grooming, boarding and dog-walking fees. Of course, there's also the initial cost of purchasing the dog too, which is the criteria we used for this list of the most expensive dog breeds. There aren't set-in-stone prices for dog breeds, so we pawed through puppy listings across the country and turned to Gooddog.Com (a website to find healthy, vet-checked puppies and dogs from trusted breeders and shelters) to come up with an average cost.
Several factors influence the higher price tag, says Jaclyn Coble, DVM, veterinarian at Sea Legs Integrative Veterinary Health in West Roxbury, Massachusetts. Whether you're choosing one of the most popular dog breeds or something rarer, the dog's overall popularity, pedigree and rarity in your location will dictate the price. "For example, Pharaoh hounds, similar to Tibetan mastiffs, are expensive because of their relative rarity in the United States," says Dr. Coble.
Whatever the reason, these breeds fetch a higher price tag—and dog lovers will say they're worth every penny! We spoke to expert veterinarians, including Dr. Coble and Deepan Kishore, DVM, to get the scoop on these pricey pooches. Ahead, we've rounded up the most expensive dog breeds that money can buy.
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About the expertsAverage cost: $4,250
When the National Dog Show hosts share their most interesting moments, they always mention a bulldog named Thor. Viewers and spectators fell in love with this adorable flat-faced dog breed and its confident and charming swagger. He impressed the judges too and took home the Best in Show honors in 2019. When certain dogs win, it often propels the breed into instant popularity and makes them one of the most expensive dog breeds to own. Show dog or not, the English bulldog has a lot going for it, especially if you love a low-key dog with a cute brawny frame and an adorably wrinkled face.
Breed overview Height: 14 to 15 inches Weight: 40 to 50 pounds Life expectancy: 8 to 10 years Andrey Kanyshev/Getty Images 2. French bulldogAverage cost: $4,250
If you're looking for an adorable short-legged dog, this fun-loving, short-haired dog breed could be the pup of your dreams—if you're willing to shell out the dough. You won't have to make regular trips to the groomer, so that may save you some money in the long run, but those irresistible wrinkles do merit daily attention and should be kept clean and dry.
Speaking of attention, the Frenchie demands lots of doting, playtime and general interaction from its human family. As a matter of fact, that's probably why they love kids so much—instant playmates! Unless they get excited, Frenchies probably won't be loud or rambunctious barkers, but they are known for their preciously sweet snorts and snores.
Breed overview Height: 11 to 13 inches Weight: Under 28 pounds Life expectancy: 10 to 12 years 3. Tibetan mastiffAverage cost: $4,000
If the price of a dog were based on weight, pound for pound, the Tibetan Mastiff would be a front-runner for sure. Case in point, a red Tibetan mastiff named Big Splash is the most expensive dog ever sold. His new owner shelled out $1.5 million to take home a then 11-month-old, 180-pound puppy.
The Tibetan mastiff's size could undoubtedly be intimidating, but this breed is actually a very affectionate family dog breed, albeit a bit standoffish and territorial with strangers. What is intimidating are the other expenses. "They require extensive grooming to keep their coat shiny and healthy," says Dr. Coble. "Also, because medication doses are based on weight, be prepared for high veterinary bills."
Breed overview Height: 24 to 26 inches Weight: 70 to 150 pounds Life expectancy: 10 to 12 years GoodLifeStudio/Getty Images 4. Chow chowAverage cost: $4,000
With an enormous fluffy face, this authentic Chinese dog breed has a lot of unique features befitting an expensive dog breed, including a cool, dark blue-purple tongue. Then there's the famous scowling expression it sometimes wears, even when it's happy. Strong-willed, independent and often aloof, the chow chow's vibe is similar to that of a cat. It is endearing and perplexing at once. Fastidious like cats, chow chows don't have offensive doggy odors when they are brushed often.
Breed overview Height: 17 to 20 inches Weight: 45 to 70 pounds Life expectancy: 8 to 12 years 5. SamoyedAverage cost: $3,750
Famously known for its cheerful, contagious smile, this adorable and fluffy Russian dog is one of the most expensive dog breeds. Besides melting our hearts, that smile has a practical purpose. The upturned corners of the lips keep the dogs from drooling, which also prevents icicles from forming on their faces. But there are some health issues pet parents should know.
"Samoyeds can also come with some expensive veterinary bills," says Dr. Coble. "They are prone to hereditary eye problems and hip dysplasia." That said, they are lovey-dovey and gentle with humans of all ages. They do get bored easily, though, so they'll fit best with people who have time to provide ample exercise and loads of mental stimulation.
Breed overview Height: 19 to 23.5 inches Weight: 35 to 65 pounds Life expectancy: 12 to 14 years Vincent Scherer/Getty Images 6. Biewer terrierAverage cost: $3,500
Although it bears no resemblance to the beaver, Biewer is pronounced "beaver." They were named for the original breeders, Gertrude and Werner Biewer. You're not mistaken if you think they look exactly like another dog breed. "Genetic testing has shown a mixed gene pool comprising Yorkshire terriers, Maltese, Havanese and Bichon Frise," says Deepan Kishore, DVM, is a veterinarian at Neel Veterinary Hospital in Oklahoma City.
As one of the newer breeds recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC), their popularity and price tag have been growing. Bred to be great companions and lap-loving dogs, these little darlings are as sweet as they look. Standing under a foot tall and just 4 to 8 pounds, they are portable and fun little sidekicks that win hearts everywhere they go.
Breed overview Height: 7 to 11 inches Weight: 4 to 8 pounds Life expectancy: 16 years 7. Portuguese water dogAverage cost: $3,500
It's hard to resist an adorable curly haired dog that doesn't shed much. Maybe those perks are how two Portuguese water dogs found their way to the White House. President Obama had two of them: Sunny and Bo.
While those tight-woven curls don't end up all over your furniture, they do need frequent brushing to keep tangles from forming and full-coat trims monthly. Temperament wise, Portuguese water dogs are friendly, affectionate, smart and adventurous. Activities that utilize their intellect and need for physical exercise will keep these cuties happy and fit.
Breed overview Height: 17 to 23 inches Weight: 35 to 60 pounds Life expectancy: 11 to 13 years Nadiia_Diachenko/getty images 8. Greater Swiss mountain dogAverage cost: $3,450
The Rottweiler and Saint Bernard can thank their Great Swiss mountain dog (aka Swissy) ancestors for helping to develop their breeds. You can see the similarity in their rugged good looks and strong, muscular physiques. Plus, they all share the status of being some of the most expensive dog breeds.
Though Swissys are a working breed, they tend to gel with the activity level of their family. That doesn't mean exercise should take a backseat when it comes to keeping the Swissy in prime condition though. Working dogs flourish when they have "jobs" to do, be it pulling a cart in the garden, hiking or backpacking. Just be sure your Swissy stays cool, as this faithful and family-geared dog doesn't fare well in hot climates.
Breed overview Height: 23 to 28.5 inches Weight: 85 to 140 pounds Life expectancy: 8 to 11 years CaptureLight/Getty Images 9. Irish wolfhoundAverage cost: $3,250
Wire-haired dogs may not scream "soft and cuddly," but these gentle giants are an expensive dog breed that's uber sensitive and sweet. They also happen to be one of the tallest and heaviest breeds of the sighthounds, a family of dogs that depends on their eyes more than their snouts for hunting. They are an impressive 32 inches at the shoulder and weigh around 120 pounds. Because they are so large, it can take more money to breed them.
But as formidable as they look, they fail as guard dogs. They're not suspicious or remotely aggressive. On the contrary, they are easygoing, patient and sweet. The breed is relaxed with other pets and dogs in the house and good with children.
Breed overview Height: 30 to 32 inches Weight: 105 to 120 pounds Life expectancy: 6 to 8 years 10. NewfoundlandAverage cost: $3,250
The Newfie retains gold-medal status for being one of the most easy-going and low-key dogs on the planet. They're not likely to bite and are exceptionally gentle, patient and watchful with young children. On top of that, they are notably friendly and enjoy the company of other dogs too. Newfies aren't looking for high-intensity exercise—a daily leisurely walk should fend off boredom and help keep them fit.
As a bonus, Newfies don't do much shedding or drooling—something to keep in mind if you're not a fan of weekly brushing, vacuuming or puddles.
Breed overview Height: 26 to 28 inches Weight: 100 to 150 pounds Life expectancy: 9 to 10 years 11. ShikokuAverage cost: $3,250
The price tag of expensive dog breeds often coincides with newfound popularity in the media. The fantastical over-sized dire wolves in Game of Thrones and the beloved dog Rollo in Outlander launched a desire to adopt or buy dogs that look like wolves. The Shikoku, also known as the Kochi-ken (ken means dog), looks like a wolf and is named for an island in Japan.
It's an alert and enthusiastic dog with loads of endurance, probably stemming from its ancestors, who were tireless boar hunters. They're tenacious, have a high prey drive and have a strong connection to nature, preferring snow and colder climates, Dr. Coble says. Indoor time is focused on their humans. "They are loving and loyal to their family," says Dr. Coble.
Breed overview Height: 17 to 22 inches Weight: 35 to 55 pounds Life expectancy: 10 to 12 years 12. Cavalier King Charles spanielAverage cost: $3,000
Undeniably one of the cutest dogs you'll ever meet, the Cavaliers have so much more than melt-your-heart good looks going for them. They also have comfort-bestowing superpowers and are sensitive to what humans need, be it a snuggle session to soothe anxiety or a cheerful distraction with their playfulness. They easily check off the qualifications for some of the best dog breeds for emotional support and the most beloved family dogs.
But their generous hearts are prone to developing mitral valve disease at much younger ages. "Due to the heritability of these conditions, it is important to go through a reputable breeder when making your purchase," says Dr. Coble. "Make sure you have money set aside for veterinary bills, or even better, get pet insurance."
Breed overview Height: 12 to 13 inches Weight: 13 to 18 pounds Life expectancy: 12 to 15 years Sue Thatcher/getty images 13. LöwchenAverage cost: $3,000
Flowy manes make some dogs look like lions, but the Löwchen (pronounced lerv-chun) has a name that actually means "little lion dog" in German—with emphasis on "little." While their price tag is large, these pups only weigh around 15 pounds and stand just over 1 foot tall.
"The trademark appearance of this non-shedding breed is a lion-like haircut," says Dr. Kishore. The stunning lion mane requires brushing at least every other day, along with a monthly "lion clip" cut. And here's a plus: They're not remotely as ferocious as their wild doppelgänger, either. Löwchens are playful and cheery yet have a calm demeanor. "This rarely seen breed of a dog is a great family pet and trustable around kids," says Dr. Kishore.
Breed overview Height: 12 to 14 inches Weight: 15 pounds Life expectancy: 13 to 15 years 14. Dogo ArgentinoAverage cost: $3,000
In 2020, the AKC recognized the Dogo Argentino as an official breed. As a new-ish and cool dog on the block, it could be why it's one of the most expensive dog breeds right now. As a working breed, it possesses vigilant guarding instincts and a strong tendency to protect its territory (you and your home). Yet, like most guard dog breeds, it is also lovable and super affectionate with its inner circle of humans. Because Dogo Argentinos were originally developed to hunt big game, those genes still run through their veins. They are serious athletes who crave daily physical and mental activity, especially games that utilize their keen sense of smell.
Breed overview Height: 24 to 26.5 inches Weight: 80 to 100 pounds Life expectancy: 9 to 15 years 15. Bernese mountain dogAverage cost: $2,980
Large and in charge—of your heart—the Bernese mountain dog (aka Berner) is the big ball of love we can't get enough of. Berners check off a lot of boxes for people looking for a large and affectionate dog, so it's easy to see why they are one of the most expensive dogs.
At the top of the list of attributes is versatility. The Berner can jet through an agility course, pull the kids on a sled and watch over your family and home. And home is where the Berner's heart is. They thrive on family togetherness, and even though they are big dogs, they are generally a quiet dog breed that doesn't bark too much and are gentle around kids.
Breed overview Height: 23 to 27.5 inches Weight: 70 to 115 pounds Life expectancy: 7 to 10 years Ирина Мещерякова/Getty Images 16. Staffordshire bull terrierAverage cost: $2,900
Today, the Staffie is more popular than ever as a lovey-dovey, sweet-natured dog, but sadly, they were initially bred for fighting. Dr. Coble says those instincts can still be present, so as with any breed of puppy, they should be carefully socialized with other dogs and people.
They hold their families in high regard and keep a close eye on family members and their property, so it's perfectly natural that they would be a little suspicious of strangers. Yet, they are deemed aggressive breeds by some locals and actually outlawed. Pet parents may be required to build kennels and install fences or pay higher premiums for liability insurance. "These are not reasons to abandon the breed altogether," says Dr. Coble. "Just make sure they are allowed where you are living prior to purchase, and invest in good training and socialization."
Breed overview Height: 14 to 16 inches Weight: 24 to 38 pounds Life expectancy: 12 to 14 years alberto clemares expósito/Getty Images 17. RottweilerAverage cost: $2,750
Rottweilers were initially developed to guard, drive and hold cattle. They even guarded the cattlemen's money by wearing the cash in a pouch around their neck. They're still thought of as guard dogs, but instead of cattle, they're used by police and the military. However, they can be good pets for families with early and consistent training and socialization.
Rotties are sharp, tireless and eager to learn new skills. They are a powerful German dog breed that is confident, bold and a bit intimidating to someone who doesn't know them. But to their family, Rotties are fun-loving, uber-affectionate and often comical.
Breed overview Height: 22 to 27 inches Weight: 80 to 135 pounds Life expectancy: 9 to 10 years Tatyana Consaul/Getty Images 18. Golden retrieverAverage cost: $2,750
Who would have thought that a Scottish gun dog would be one of the most popular dog breeds in America? "Me," the golden would answer. An impressive jack-of-all-trades kind of dog, the golden can be a therapy or service dog, a standout candidate in competitive and obedience events or an outdoor sports partner in hunting and field work. And we haven't even mentioned the good-natured, loving, eager-to-please and loyal characteristics yet. Wrap up all those qualities and you have a dog that is pretty close to perfection—and likely warrants a higher price tag.
Breed overview Height: 21.5 to 24 inches Weight: 55 to 75 pounds Life expectancy: 10 to 12 years CaptureLight/Getty Images 19. Spinone ItalianoAverage cost: $2,630
Italian dog breeds like the Spinone Italiano have a reputation for sharp intelligence and impressive speed and endurance in field hunting. But it just may be their stylish good looks that point to their expensive dog breed price tag. Their soft and furry pendulous ears and sweet expressive eyes are enough to melt anyone's heart—not to mention their distinguished beards and shaggy eyebrows. Besides being irresistibly cute, they are highly trainable, notably sweet and affectionate with their family, and they socialize well with other dogs.
Breed overview Height: 22 to 27 inches Weight: 65 to 85 pounds Life expectancy: 10 to 12 years 20. Rhodesian ridgebackAverage cost: $2,600
These graceful and devoted caretakers were bred with wild African dogs—that's how they got their distinctive stripe of hair that grows in the opposite direction along their spine (the ridge). "They are loyal friends with stern personalities," says Dr. Kishore. "The once lion-hunting dog breed may not be the best choice for a new dog owner."
Because they can be strong-willed and independent, an experienced dog parent dedicated to providing early socialization and consistent training is essential for them to be good options for families. Then they're loving and protective of their family members and especially protective of younger children. As one of the most expensive dog breeds, they are well worth the price tag for their companionship and guarding nature.
Breed overview Height: 24 to 27 inches Weight: 70 to 85 pounds Life expectancy: 10 to 12 years 21. AzawakhAverage cost: $2,500
With a resemblance to a greyhound, this unique long-nosed dog breed is ultra-lean and uniquely elegant. At first glance, the Azawakh looks like it missed a few meals, but this leggy and slim breed was well-suited for chasing gazelles in the sands of the Sahara for more than 1,000 years. Their need for speed hasn't changed. "They require a large running area to meet their desire to sprint," says Dr. Kishore.
They're highly intelligent, fairly independent and reserved with people they don't know, so don't delay your puppy training. However, when they're around their humans, they are deeply affectionate. And here's a bonus: Azawakhs are one of the dogs least likely to drool, and they don't have a "dog odor"—attributes fitting for a posh, regal and pricey breed.
Breed overview Height: 23.5 to 29 inches Weight: 33 to 35 pounds Life expectancy: 10 to 15 years 22. AkitaAverage cost: $2,300
Before Akitas had an official breed name, they were referred to simply as "snow country dogs." Their dense undercoat, raised outer layer of fur and webbing between their toes served them well while hunting in the snowy mountains of Japan. Nowadays, these authentic Japanese dog breeds are better known for being devoted watchdogs and protectors, but they still prefer the cold over hot temperatures.
Akitas love the snow so much, in fact, that they'll be the first one out the door when the white stuff piles up. They love to play and roll around in it. They have a tendency to be domineering and aren't crazy about other dogs or pets; they're also reserved with strangers. Still, with the right person or family, they make lovable companions.
Breed overview Height: 24 to 28 inches Weight: 70 to 130 pounds Life expectancy: 10 to 14 years Brian Stubbs/Getty Images 23. Saint BernardAverage cost: $2,300
If you find yourself flocking to parks and trails to take in the fresh air and calming scenery—and you'd like to share those calming vibes with a big rugged mountain dog breed that loves adventure—your search may be over. This super chill giant of the Swiss Alps was famous for rescuing travelers trapped in the snow and avalanches back in the day, and while it still can step up to that role, Saint Bernards are content to be non-working members of the family due to their calm demeanor and lower exercise requirements.
They often come from conformation show dog breeders, hence the higher price tag. And you'll want to save some cash for vet bills. "Their predisposition to hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia and bloat come with expensive veterinary bills," says Dr. Kishore.
Breed overview Height: 26 to 30 inches Weight: 120 to 180 pounds Life expectancy: 8 to 10 years All the rights for presented photos are my own./Getty Images 24. Black Russian terrierAverage cost: $2,250
We typically think of terriers as small and cute wiry dogs, but the Black Russian terrier is an exception. When all four paws are on the scales, it can weigh as much as 140 pounds and stand 30 inches tall at the shoulder. It's indeed a muscular and powerful dog, well-suited for guarding and protecting. Like other giant dog breeds that make great pets, they are eager to please and wicked smart, but unlike other big dogs, they're not loafers and need plenty of exercise and mental stimulation to keep them happy and out of mischief.
Breed overview Height: 26 to 30 inches Weight: 80 to 130 pounds Life expectancy: 10 to 12 years Mariana Mikhailova/Getty Images 25. Afghan houndAverage cost: $2,250
When it comes to long-haired dogs with gorgeous locks, the Afghan hound is the supermodel of the canine runway. But their regal and dignified appearances aren't without loads of maintenance—and money. If you love to dote on your fur baby, this may be the breed for you. Regular brushing and weekly baths are essential to maintain those silky locks.
Independent, self-confident and a bit strong-willed, Afghan hounds can be challenging to train. Yet, they are also incredibly sweet and clownish at times. They may give off a pretentious vibe and be aloof with strangers, but they're generally affectionate with their own family.
Breed overview Height: 25 to 27 inches Weight: 50 to 60 pounds Life expectancy: 12 to 18 years Hanna Dymytrova-Kaihila/Getty Images 26. Pharaoh houndAverage cost: $2,250
The Pharaoh hound hails from Malta and is known for "blushing" when happy or excited. This quirky natural phenomenon occurs when the nose and ears flush with blood. When they are deliriously happy (anticipating a tasty treat or just excited to see you), they'll shake their whole body and open their mouth so big you could do a dental exam.
Although it is the national dog of Malta and bears a striking resemblance to the jackal god Anubis from ancient Egypt, it is one of those rare dog breeds you probably didn't know about—and might have a hard time finding. But the people who do have Pharaoh hounds know they are gentle and loving and have high energy levels. "Their lean bodies are built for exercise, so make sure you fit in at least two 30-minute walks per day," says Dr. Coble.
Breed overview Height: 21 to 25 inches Weight: 45 to 55 pounds Life expectancy: 12 to 14 years Why trust usAt Reader's Digest, we're committed to producing high-quality content by writers with expertise and experience in their field in consultation with relevant, qualified experts. For this piece on the most expensive dog breeds, Lisa Marie Conklin tapped her experience as a reporter who has covered dogs and pets for seven years, and then Caroline Coile, PhD, an award-winning journalist specializing in canine breeds, health and science, gave it a rigorous review to ensure that all information is accurate and offers the best possible advice to readers. For this piece, we relied on reputable primary sources and experts. We verified all facts and data and backed them with credible sourcing, and we will revisit them over time to ensure they remain accurate and up to date. Read more about our team, our contributors and our editorial policies.
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15 Signs Your Dog Is Secretly Mad At You
If you've ever playfully teased a dog, you know it's all fun and games until, well, it's no longer fun. After you've stolen a dog's bone or pretended to throw a ball one too many times, the dog may bark, stiffen, growl or even walk away. Most pet owners have been there, sheepishly wondering Is my dog mad at me?
Can dogs even get angry? What about frustrated or annoyed? It sure seems that way sometimes. Even though we're different species, it's tempting to interpret dog behavior through a human lens. After all, when it comes to emotions, we have a lot in common with our four-legged friends.
In over 13 years as a certified professional dog trainer, I've come to appreciate that dogs share many of the same basic feelings we do. My Chihuahua gets scared during fireworks shows, happy when he plays with his snuffle mat and, yes, angry when he is removed from a lap. I appreciate those feelings, encourage the positive ones and help alleviate the negative ones. Once you can recognize emotions like anger in your dog, you can better empathize and respond.
With that in mind, I asked three canine behavior experts to help me explore doggy anger. Ahead, learn why it happens, what it looks like and how to respond.
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About the expertsYes, dogs get mad. But "Is my dog mad at me?" isn't such a simple question. See, when we talk about anger, we do so from a very human perspective, considering secondary emotions that often tangle with anger. We might say a child is mad when he's really a mix of angry and jealous or embarrassed.
It's human nature to treat animal emotions similarly. So you might wonder if your pet is resentful of your plate of chicken, jealous that you're paying more attention to the cat or exasperated with your absorption in your cell phone. Truth is, your pooch probably feels none of the above, although the jury is still out on jealousy. Canine anger is a much simpler emotion.
What does it mean when a dog is mad?If you're asking "Is my dog mad at me?" and speaking specifically about rage, the science is clearer. To understand it, you need to know the difference between emotions that are considered basic, or primary, and those considered sophisticated, or secondary.
Jaak Panksepp, a neuroscientist who pioneered the science of how the brain processes emotions, developed the concept of the seven primary emotions, which he said all mammalian brains shared. Those systems, as he called them, are seeking (exploring for resources), care (nurturing), play (social joy), lust, fear (anxiety), panic (sadness) and rage (anger). They're instinctive emotions and very different from secondary emotions, like jealousy, that involve a component of learning and experience.
It's not surprising that dogs share these primary emotions with us. According to veterinary psychiatrist Sagi Denenberg, DVM, a diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Behavior, dogs have brain structures and neurochemistry similar to humans. Plus, they show similar behaviors in similar situations.
But that doesn't mean their actions reflect sophisticated emotions—emotions pet owners are quick to attribute to their furry best friends. "We have to be careful of anthropomorphism," Dr. Denenberg says. "Animals are not human, nor should they be treated as such. Many behaviors or emotions are based on interpretation and colored by differing thought processes and cultural, religious and societal factors, which are human factors."
Why is my dog mad?If dogs can experience anger and rage, they can definitely get mad at humans, just as we can get angry with them. But it's important to realize that although we share emotions with dogs, we don't necessarily experience them the same way. Your dog's motivation for anger may not be the same as yours. For example, dogs don't do things to be vindictive or out of spite, but they do get frustrated.
And the types of situations that might trigger you can trigger your dog. Certified dog behavior consultant Michael Shikashio points to a common problem with resource-guarding dogs that become upset when their food or chew bones are taken away. "If you're really hungry and you're sitting down at your favorite restaurant and somebody comes over and snatches your plate away or sticks their hand in your food," he says, "you might get startled at first, so there's that fear system, but then it can quickly shift over to rage or anger."
Signs your dog is mad at youThere's no one-size-fits-all response to anger—for humans or animals. Think about it: Some people lash out physically when angry; others scream and shout, while others give the silent treatment. "I like to say there's human joy, dog joy, cat joy, chimpanzee joy, etc., and there may be differences within species, just as there are among humans," says Marc Bekoff, PhD, professor emeritus of ecology and evolutionary biology at the University of Colorado in Boulder. "So it's essential to appreciate that individuals may vary with how they experience and express their emotions, and that is what makes the study of the emotional lives of animals so fascinating."
He's seen firsthand how dogs react to anger in disparate ways. "Among the many dogs with whom I've shared my home, there were differences—some simply avoided me or another human, whereas others clearly told me they were upset by barking at me or snarling or growling," he says.
Although dogs' reactions can vary, the signs below will help you identify when they're angry.
Aggression
Piter1977/Getty Images
When dogs are truly angry, they might threaten you or even attack you. Such a dramatic response will occur if you push dogs past what they can handle—maybe you steal a hungry dog's food or force physical contact (like grooming or pats) on a dog experiencing pain. Even actions you think are benign, such as patting a dog on the top of the head or staring, could lead to anger because they're considered rude in dog language. Different dogs have different triggers for their anger.
But what does that aggressive anger look like? It can range from lunging at the source of anger to warning you off with a low growl. Although some dogs growl when they play, most dogs also use growling to say, "You're making me uncomfortable. Please stop!" The more you understand dog vocalizations and canine body language, the better you'll be able to recognize your dog's frustration and rage.
Shikashio advises looking for forward-facing ears, hard staring (a gaze fixed on the target) and an agonistic pucker (corners of the lips pulled forward into a C shape and teeth bared).
But there are other signs of anger as well. "Their weight shifts forward, [their] front and rear legs usually stiffen and go straight, their spine is in straight alignment and their tail is often high and flagging," he says. "Rapid-fire, kind of staccato barking is another sign the dog might be experiencing rage or anger."
The signs aren't always that cut and dried, though. "It is not always that simple to differentiate," Dr. Denenberg says. "Dogs may experience multiple emotions simultaneously." Just as you might experience excitement and fear at the same time, for instance, an anxious dog might be angry about being forced into a scary situation.
Avoidance
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Angry dogs aren't always aggressive. Instead of barking or growling when mad, some dogs might simply avoid you. You might see pooches turn their heads, sniff the ground or otherwise disengage. Or it might be more obvious: Your dog walks away or right out of the room.
Don't just assume avoidance indicates anger, though. These behaviors could also be a response to stress—for example, if you yell at or punish your dog. Or your dog may simply want some quiet time alone.
To determine your dog's motivation for avoiding you, consider the situation that instigated it. Did you do something to annoy your pet? Or have you done something frightening? Look at the accompanying body language: Are there signs of stress, like pulled-back ears, yawning or a tucked tail? Or is your dog tuning you out? By examining the whole package, you should be able to tell if your dog is angry or feeling another emotion.
How to respond to your dog's angerWhen your dog expresses anger, it's important to empathize. After all, anger is a natural emotion for both us and our dogs. And just as reacting with anger to another person's rage isn't the most effective course of action, you shouldn't respond to your dog's anger with further conflict. Don't yell at your pet or use physical confrontation. This will only escalate the situation and put your dog in a defensive position, which can lead to aggressive behavior such as snapping or biting. You could also make your pet fearful of you, thereby eroding your bond.
Think like a dogShikashio suggests self-reflection as a starting point. "Ask, 'Why would my dog need to feel anger or rage toward me or somebody else?' And it's typically because of what we're doing," he says. "It's hard not to take offense to that, especially if we're the ones feeding the dog. You can be like, 'How dare you bite the hand that feeds you?' But it's just a very normal, basic emotion that all of us can experience."
Not only do you need to know how to read dog communication, but you must also understand your dog specifically. "It's essential to understand that there are large individual differences among dogs, and we must learn and appreciate these differences, even among littermates and older siblings," Bekoff says. "To be able to figure out what a dog is feeling, we need to be fluent in dog—become dog literate—to be able to read them accurately and do what they need to reduce their anger."
De-escalate the situation
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In the short term, Dr. Denenberg recommends putting safety first. If your dog is expressing anger through aggressive behaviors (such as growling or barking) or is threatening you, stop what you're doing and give your pup some space. That might mean moving away from your dog and/or trying to stop the situation from escalating. Forcing your attention or a certain set of circumstances on your dog puts you at risk.
If your dog isn't aggressive but has chosen to avoid you, simply wait. Dogs tend to live in the moment, so you likely won't have to wait long for the anger to subside. Give your dog at least a few minutes to calm down, and the next thing you know, your loving pet will be back at your side. From a human perspective, you might call this forgiving and forgetting.
Feel free to cuddle dogs or offer them treats when their anger has passed, especially if it makes you feel better. It serves as an apology of sorts, but your dog will just be happy the incident is in the past.
Teach alternative responsesOnce safety is established and your dog has calmed down, it's time to analyze the situation. Identify what triggered the anger so you can try to avoid similar situations in the future.
Just know that you can't avoid every trigger. For example, if your dog gets mad at the groomer's, you can't avoid grooming forever. Therefore, it's a good idea to teach your dog how to cope with those triggers and respond with more positive emotions.
You might try counterconditioning, pairing the trigger with something the dog loves, like chicken or freeze-dried liver. This will slowly change your pup's emotional response to the situation from something negative, like anger, to something positive, like anticipation of a treat.
You can also try response substitution. With this technique, you'll teach your dog an alternative response to the trigger that you can then reward with a treat or other item the dog loves, like a game of fetch. For example, if your dog gets angry when you approach the food bowl, teach your pet to lie down on a dog bed at mealtime so you can pick up and fill the bowl undisturbed before calling your dog over to eat. With consistency and repetition, your pooch should learn to offer that response.
"It is about setting dogs up to succeed," Dr. Denenberg says. "Owners can also work on desensitizing the dog to a particular situation, which is done under ideal conditions before the dog is triggered. Lastly, environmental and routine management can help by avoiding the situation."
Why trust usAt Reader's Digest, we're committed to producing high-quality content by writers with expertise and experience in their field in consultation with relevant, qualified experts. For this piece, Stephanie Gibeault, MSc, CPDT-KSA, tapped her experience as a certified professional dog trainer and journalist, and then Wailani Sung, DVM, a vet who owns Bay Area Vet Behavior, gave it a rigorous review to ensure that all information is accurate and offers the best possible advice to readers. We verify all facts and data, back them with credible sourcing and revisit them over time to ensure they remain accurate and up to date. Read more about our team, our contributors and our editorial policies.
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